古亚洲洋俯冲板片断离与后造山伸展：贺根山缝合带火山岩年代学和地球化学证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王金芳  李英杰  李红阳  董培培 《地质学报》2020,94(12):3561-3580

本文以出露于贺根山缝合带迪彦庙蛇绿混杂岩北侧的乌兰拜其白音高老组流纹岩- 粗面岩为研究对象，通过野外地质调查和岩石学、地球化学、锆石U- Pb年代学研究，探讨岩石成因类型、构造环境和古亚洲洋俯冲板片断离与后造山伸展过程。岩石地球化学研究表明, 乌兰拜其地区白音高老组流纹岩具有较高的SiO 2、Al 2O 3、K 2O和Na 2O+K 2O含量，以及较高的Ga/Al比值，相对贫CaO、MgO、Sr、Ba、Eu、Ti和P，稀土元素配分曲线为右倾海鸥式分布，负铕异常显著。该区粗面岩属于钾玄岩系列，具有高碱(Na 2O+K 2O)、高K 2O、高Al 2O 3、低TiO 2，富集Rb、Ba、U和轻稀土元素, 亏损 Nb、Ta 和 Ti，稀土元素配分曲线为右倾式分布。岩石学和岩石地球化学特征表明，乌兰拜其地区白音高老组流纹岩为迪彦庙- 白音布拉格蛇绿混杂岩带早白垩世后造山A型花岗岩浆的喷出相- A型流纹岩，其形成于后造山伸展构造环境；粗面岩为后造山型钾玄质火山岩，与洋壳俯冲作用有关，形成于俯冲板片断离- 后造山伸展构造背景。流纹岩和粗面岩锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb同位素测年，获得206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为140. 4±1. 2Ma和134. 9±1. 1Ma，表明白音高老组流纹岩- 粗面岩喷发于早白垩世，反映了贺根山缝合带早白垩世后造山A型花岗岩浆- 钾玄质岩浆作用事件。结合贺根山缝合带的壳幔电性结构特征和晚古生代蛇绿岩- 岛弧岩浆岩、中生代后造山A型岩浆岩的时空分布与演化关系，认为根山缝合带三叠纪- 早白垩世后造山伸展岩浆作用与古亚洲洋俯冲板片断离作用有关，提出了该区后造山A型花岗岩浆- 钾玄质岩浆作用的俯冲板片断离- 后造山伸展地球动力学模式。  相似文献   

Microstructure Evolution of Organic Matter and Clay Minerals in Shales with Increasing Thermal Maturity     

GU Yuantao  LI Xiaoxi  YANG Shuguang  WAN Quan 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(2):280-289

As the two important components of shale, organic matter(OM) and clay minerals are usually thought to strongly influence the hydrocarbon generation, enrichment and exploitation. The evolution process of OM and clay minerals as well as their interrelationship over a wide range of thermal maturities are not completely clear. Taking Yanchang(T_3y), Longmaxi(S_1l) and Niutitang(?_1n) shales as examples, we have studied the microstructure characteristics of OM and clay minerals in shales with different thermal maturities. The effects of clay minerals and OM on pores were reinforced through sedimentation experiments. Using a combination of field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and low-pressure N_2 adsorption, we investigated the microstructure differences among the three shales. The results showed that both OM and clay minerals have strong effects on pores, and small mesopore(2–20 nm) is the dominant pore component for all three samples. However, the differences between the three samples are embodied in the distribution of pore size and the location. For the T_3y shale, clay minerals are loosely arranged and develop large amounts of pores, and fine OM grains often fill in intergranular minerals or fractures. Widespread OM pores distribute irregularly in S_1l shale, and most of the pores are elliptical and nondirectional. The ?_1n shale is characterized by the preferred orientational OM-clay aggregates, and lots of pores in the composites are in the mesopore range, suggesting that over maturity lead to the collapse and compaction of pores under huge pressure of strata. The results of the current research imply that with increasing thermal maturity, OM pores are absent at low maturity(T_3y), are maximized at high maturity(S_1l) and are destroyed or compacted at over-mature stage(?_1n). Meanwhile, clay minerals have gone through mineral transformation and orientational evolution. The interaction of the two processes makes a significant difference to the microstructure evolution of OM and clay minerals in shale, and the findings provide scientific foundation in better understanding diagenetic evolution and hydrocarbon generation of shale.  相似文献   

Nature and Evolution of Pre-Neoproterozoic Continental Crust in South China: A Review and Tectonic Implications     

WANG Kai  DONG Shuwen  YAO Weihu  ZHAO Tianyu 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(6):1731-1756

South China as an amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks is composed of Archean to Mesoproterozoic basement overlain by Neoproterozoic and younger cover. Both the constituent Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks contain well-preserved Neoproterozoic rocks that have been extensively studied in terms of the age and tectonic nature, but less is known about their earlier crustal history due to the incomplete rock record. Recent efforts in investigating the yet survived crustal nature based on isotopic and elemental signatures preserved in igneous and sedimentary rocks have steadily improved our knowledge about the pre-Neoproterozoic continental crustal evolution in South China. In this paper, we summarize the up-to-date pre-Neoproterozoic records, including petrological, geochronological, geochemical and geophysical data, across South China, and discuss its spatiotemporal patterns of the pre-Neoproterozoic crust and the relevant tectonic events. While the xenocrystic/inherited and detrital zircon records suggest widespread Archean (mainly ca. 2.5 Ga) crustal components within both the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks, exposed Archean rocks are only limited to isolated crustal provinces in the Yangtze Block. These Archean rocks are dominated by TTGs (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite) with varied ages (3.3–2.5 Ga) and zircon Hf isotopes, indicating a compositionally heterogeneous nature of the Archean Yangtze Block and, by inference, the development of multiple ancient terranes. The early Paleoproterozoic (2.4–2.2 Ga) tectonomagmatic events characterize the western Yangtze Block and are supportive of an east-west subdivision of the Yangtze basement, whereas the late Paleoproterozoic (2.1–1.7 Ga) orogeneses may have affected a larger area covering both the western and eastern parts of the Yangtze Block, and also the Cathaysia Block. The eastern Yangtze Block with generally northeastward-younging late Paleoproterozoic magmatism and metamorphism likely experienced a prolonged 2.05–1.75 Ga orogenic process welding the various Archean proto-continents, consistent with the documentation of a buried late Paleoproterozoic orogenic belt imaged by deep seismic profiling from its central part and of a slightly older ophiolitic mélange in the northern part. The Cathaysia Block was probably involved in a short-lived 1.9–1.8 Ga orogenic event. The two orogeneses overlapped in time and may have contributed to the cratonization of a possible unified South China, and are referred to be linked with the assembly of the Nuna Supercontinent. The subsequent late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic rift successions and intrusions (1.7–1.5 Ga) in the southwestern Yangtze Block, and the ca. 1.43 Ga rifting in Hainan Island of the Cathaysia Block could be responses to the Nuna break-up. Late Mesoproterozoic (1.2–1.0 Ga) magmatism of varied age and nature in different localities of the Yangtze Block is reflective of a complex tectonic process in the context of the assembly of the Rodinia Supercontinent. Similar-aged metamorphism (1.3–1.0 Ga) is recorded in Hainan Island, reflecting the Grenvillian continental collision during the Rodinia assembly, but further studies are necessary to better constrain the late Mesoproterozoic tectonic framework of South China.  相似文献   

斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床成矿流体与找矿预测研究:以华南若干典型矿床为例     

倪培  迟哲  潘君屹 《地学前缘》2020,27(2):60-78

斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床是全球铜、钼、金、银的主要来源之一,具有重要经济价值。这两类矿床之间通常存在紧密的时空关系,对其成矿流体性质和演化的解剖不仅有利于探究金属沉淀机制,也有助于揭示两者之间的内在成因联系。本文在综述国内外重要研究前沿基础上,以中国华南富家坞斑岩型铜钼(金)矿、桐村斑岩钼矿,以及邱村和安村浅成低温热液金矿为例,系统总结了斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床流体特征、演化规律和金属沉淀机制、探讨了从斑岩型到浅成低温热液型流体演化的“气相迁移”模型,并以福建紫金山铜金矿床为例,介绍了应用流体填图进行找矿预测的实例。  相似文献   

湖南及邻区志留纪兰多弗里世鲁丹期至埃隆期岩相古地理及加里东期板块构造演化     

王根贤  陈必河  郑正福  周超 《地质论评》2021,67(6):1557-1585

湖南兰多弗里世鲁丹期岩相古地理格局以桃江—白马山—苗儿山一线为界,其南东为华夏洋壳板块兰多弗里统鲁丹阶周家溪组陆屑浊积深水盆地相,陆屑来自更南东的湘中南褶皱山地;其北西为扬子陆壳板块兰多弗里统鲁丹阶龙马溪组沉积洋盆,南东后缘是上陆棚相,北西前缘是下陆棚相,陆屑都由南东湘中南褶皱山地提供。至兰多弗里世埃隆期岩相古地理发生巨变：龙马溪组顶部Coronograptus cyphus笔石带末即大约440.8±1.2 Ma时,发生华夏洋壳板块向扬子陆壳板块俯冲碰撞事件,华夏洋壳板块周家溪组本身褶皱造山为华夏褶皱山地,华夏洋壳板块洋盆关闭。同时华夏洋壳板块以A型俯冲形式下插到扬子陆壳板块之下,并使扬子陆壳板块南东前缘崛起形成加里东期雪峰造山带。后者将扬子陆壳板块南东前缘牵引、挠曲和凹陷成华夏洋壳板块弧后前陆盆地,小河坝组是该弧后前陆盆地的沉积盖层,陆屑都由南东的雪峰造山带提供。该弧后前陆盆地沉积了三角洲相—滨海相的小河坝组,向北东、北西和南西方向相变为台地相石牛栏组,再向北西陕南紫阳相变为盆地相斑鸠关组。小河坝组两次采集的重砂样均出现蓝闪石,它是蓝闪石片岩标志矿物,蓝闪石片岩是确认加里东期华夏洋壳板块与扬子陆壳板块俯冲碰撞及形成雪峰造山带的判别标志。  相似文献   

兴蒙造山带晚古生代伸展减薄过程:来自内蒙林西地区岩体的地球化学证据     

雷豪  张贵宾  徐备 《岩石学报》2021,37(7):2029-2050

内蒙古林西县双井地区出露一套含暗色包体的花岗质岩体,位于双井片岩和房框子单元花岗质片麻岩接触带,该岩体对厘定古亚洲洋演化阶段、西伯利亚板块和阿穆尔板块最终碰撞缝合时限具有重要意义。本文对该岩体进行了详细的岩相学、岩石地球化学以及锆石U-Pb年代学研究,讨论了该岩体成因、岩浆源区以及研究区造山带地壳演化等问题。岩体中暗色包体和周边花岗岩大部分锆石记录了～285Ma和～270Ma两期年龄,少量锆石记录了～320Ma的较老年龄,表明该区域在晚石炭世就存在岩浆活动,并在～285Ma、～270Ma更为显著且岩浆活动具有幕式发生的特点,通过锆石的Ti温度计算得岩浆形成温度为～670℃。暗色包体相较周边花岗岩部分更富Al_2O_3(13.96%)、CaO(1.61%)、Na_2O(4.61%)以及Fe_2O_3(3.67%)、MgO(0.62%)、TiO_2(0.28%)、P_2O_5(0.08%)等,但贫K_2O(2.10%),但二者发育有一致的变形现象,具有相同的侵位时代(误差范围内一致)、相似的微量元素配分模式、相近的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成指示二者可能为同源岩浆不同演化阶段的产物。此外,暗色包体样品中,Zr/Hf比值介于31.74～37.08之间(接近原始地幔的Zr/Hf比值36.25),黑云母有壳源和壳幔混合源两种成因类型,I_(Sr)值介于0.7039-0.7055之间,ε_(Nd)(t)值介于-7.30～-5.87之间,锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)介于-3.58～6.72之间等地球化学特征均指示暗色包体的母岩浆在形成过程中有幔源物质的加入,以上特征显示岩体为壳幔混合源岩浆经历不同演化阶段后的产物。岩体中锆石Eu/Eu~*与地壳厚度的拟合结果显示研究区在 ca.290～270Ma 地壳经历了一次显著的减薄过程(ca.50～35km),为区域存在地幔物质上涌提供了动力学证据。结合前人资料,本次研究的含暗色包体的花岗质岩体属于大石寨期,其母岩浆的形成、侵位时代,以及壳幔混合源等地球化学特征精细地约束了该区大石寨期岩浆活动的发育时间及过程,为研究西拉木伦缝合带晚古生代构造演化提供了新证据,同时也清晰地指示出古亚洲洋在晚古生代末期并不处于大洋俯冲阶段,而是造山后的伸展裂解阶段。  相似文献   

班公湖-怒江缝合带东段丁青地幔橄榄岩成因:来自钻孔ZK02地幔橄榄岩矿物学及地球化学特征约束     

徐向珍  熊发挥  张承杰  陈建  张然  闫金禹  杨经绥 《岩石学报》2021,37(10):2944-2970

丁青蛇绿岩位于班公湖-怒江缝合带东段,是该缝合带出露面积最大的蛇绿岩。为查明岩体成因,在丁青东岩体中实施了一口165.19m的钻孔。除最顶部有约0.5m厚的第四系残坡积物外,其余均为地幔橄榄岩。结合显微镜鉴定将岩心划分出17个岩性单元层,岩性主要以方辉橄榄岩为主,夹少量纯橄岩和含铬铁矿纯橄岩。地幔橄榄岩中橄榄石的Fo变化于88.79~93.73,铬尖晶石的Cr^#变化于44.33~81.66,揭示丁青地幔橄榄岩可能经历过约20%~40%的中高度部分熔融作用;全岩地球化学分析表明其具有富镁（MgO=45.98%~49.45%）、贫铝（Al₂O₃=0.19%~1.37%）和贫钙（CaO=0.28%~0.70%）的特点,属于熔融程度较高的地幔残余物质。岩石具有明显不同于阿尔卑斯蛇绿岩的轻稀土元素富集特征,指示区内地幔橄榄岩先经历了较强程度的部分熔融,后经历了俯冲消减过程中的流体交代。利用地幔橄榄岩中的铬尖晶石成分计算母熔体Al₂O₃含量对应的FeO/MgO值,与不同构造环境原始岩浆成分相比较,发现丁青地幔橄榄岩母熔体大多处于玻安岩中。纯橄岩氧逸度估算FMQ=-3.05~-0.71,方辉橄榄岩氧逸度FMQ=-3.89~+1.47,显示丁青地幔橄榄岩有俯冲作用的参与。通过丁青钻孔岩心的研究,提出丁青东岩体可能形成于俯冲带之上的弧前环境这一观点。  相似文献   

藏北尼玛地区白垩纪岩浆岩对班公湖-怒江缝合带演化的制约     

王伟  翟庆国  胡培远  唐跃  朱志才  吴昊 《岩石学报》2021,37(2):545-562

班公湖-怒江缝合带及其两侧广泛分布白垩纪岩浆岩,这些岩浆活动记录了班公湖-怒江特提斯洋俯冲至闭合以及拉萨-羌塘板块碰撞过程。为了约束该缝合带在早-晚白垩世的演化过程,本文对缝合带中段尼玛地区花岗岩进行岩相学、地球化学、锆石年代学和Hf同位素研究。尼玛北部虾别错花岗岩侵入到中生代地层中,发育石英闪长质包体。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明寄主花岗岩和包体形成于早白垩世(122Ma和121Ma)。这些锆石均具有正的ε_Hf(t)值,分别为+2.4~+7.0和+3.0~+5.1。寄主花岗岩具有高硅和高钾钙碱性特征,属于准铝质-弱过铝质系列。包体相对低硅,属于中钾钙碱性准铝质系列。寄主花岗岩和包体具有相似的微量元素分布,如均亏损Nb、Ta和Ti,富集Th、U和Pb。综合分析,虾别错寄主花岗岩和包体是壳幔熔体混合作用的产物。尼玛南部张乃错花岗岩侵入到古生代地层里。锆石U-Pb年龄为97Ma,形成于晚白垩世。锆石ε_Hf(t)值在+2.2~+6.0之间。张乃错花岗岩具有高硅特征,属于高钾钙碱性弱过铝质系列。岩体显著亏损Ba、Sr、Ti和Eu,富集Rb、Th、U和Pb等元素。该花岗岩来源于新生地壳部分熔融,并在后期经历结晶分异。结合区域地质概况,虾别错早白垩世花岗岩(和包体)形成于班公湖-怒江特提斯洋闭合过程,而张乃错晚白垩世花岗岩形成于洋盆闭合之后拉萨-羌塘板块碰撞背景。尼玛地区早-晚白垩世岩浆活动记录了班公湖-怒江缝合带从洋盆闭合到拉萨-羌塘板块挤压碰撞的演变过程。  相似文献   

朝鲜半岛平南盆地地质演化综述     

彭澎  胡波  张志越  张艳斌  郭敬辉  翟明国 《岩石学报》2021,37(1):129-142

平南盆地位于朝鲜半岛中部,处于华北克拉通(中朝克拉通)东缘;其演化历史长达10亿年,其地质记录为揭示东亚现今构造格局的形成提供重要制约。盆地发育中元古界-中生界,从下至上包括黄海群(1.3~1.1Ga)、祥原超群(1.0~0.9Ga,自下而上包括直岘群、祠堂隅群、默川群和灭岳山群等)、燕滩群(狗岘系,0.72~0.54Ga)、黄州系/超群(0.52~0.46Ga,包括下部黄州群和上部法洞群)和平安超群(0.33~0.24Ga)等5个构造层序;各单元之间均为平行不整合;沉积跨度超过10亿年,沉积物厚度累计达到15000m。另外,平南盆地南部发育临津群(0.42~0.35Ga),该地层与中元古界上部-奥陶系很可能呈构造接触关系。平南盆地沉积中心自中元古代晚期从南部逐渐向北部转移,新元古代及早古生代均位于中部,二叠纪盆地沉积中心位于北部。平南盆地沉积碎屑锆石年龄则显示物源发生多期变化:中元古代以盆地北侧基底~1.8Ga峰期岩浆-变质作用岩石为主;中元古代晚期以同沉积就位的岩浆岩为主;新元古代以1.6~1.5Ga和1.2~1.1Ga峰期的岩浆岩为主;寒武纪以~2.5Ga和~1.8Ga峰值的变质基底岩石为主。以上变化反映了古地理格局的显著变化。推测新元古代早期及之前,华北克拉通曾与某个发育1.6~1.5Ga和1.2~1.1Ga岩浆作用的克拉通或者岩浆弧相邻(近邻或远邻);地层记录了迄今所知新元古代最早的碳同位素负漂移(默川负漂移,~0.92Ga),地层可能还记录了最晚的负漂移(燕滩负漂移,可能对应全球Gaskiers负漂移,~0.55Ga),它们可能是对新元古代全球长期多次岩浆-裂解-冰期事件的响应。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地南缘西段中、上侏罗统沉积演化及控制因素分析          下载免费PDF全文

张驰  于兴河  姚宗全  李顺利  单新  向曼  李亚龙 《中国地质》2021,48(1):284-296

针对准噶尔盆地南缘中、上侏罗统沉积体系演化控制因素不清、沉积模式不明等问题,通过对多条露头剖面精细解剖、详尽写实沉积特征描述等手段,分析了其垂向序列、砂体叠置方式、水动力条件、沉积体系演化及控制因素。研究表明准南中、上侏罗统自下而上分别发育辫状河沉积、曲流河沉积和扇三角洲沉积,古气候与构造造成的水动力条件的变化是控制这种沉积演化的主要因素。其中头屯河组底部发育辫状河沉积,古气候温暖湿润,形成堆叠型砂体叠置方式;中部发育辫-曲转换沉积,古气候开始初步干旱,形成紧密叠置型砂体;上部发育曲流河沉积,降雨量较少古气候干旱,形成孤立河道型砂体。齐古组发育季节性曲流河沉积,古气候较为干旱,在湿润期降雨量较充足时发育侧向迁移型砂体,干旱期则发育侧向连片型砂体。喀拉扎组发育扇三角洲沉积,古气候整体炎热干旱,构造活动剧烈,碎屑水道在扇三角洲平原构成垂向切割型砂体,而前缘水下分流河道则构成侧向切割型砂体。  相似文献